01 - Set the oven temperature to 425°F.
02 - Remove any giblets from inside the chicken cavity and pat the chicken dry with paper towels.
03 - Rub the entire chicken with olive oil or melted butter, then season inside and out with salt, pepper, rosemary, thyme, and paprika.
04 - Place the halved lemon, halved garlic head, and some onion quarters inside the chicken cavity.
05 - Spread the remaining onion quarters, carrots, and celery into the bottom of a large roasting pan. Position a rack over the vegetables if available, then set the chicken breast-side up on the rack or directly on the vegetables.
06 - Tie the legs together with kitchen twine and tuck the wing tips under the chicken body.
07 - Pour white wine or chicken broth into the pan if using, to enhance moisture and flavor.
08 - Roast at 425°F for 20 minutes, then lower the temperature to 375°F. Continue roasting for 50 to 60 minutes, basting occasionally, until the internal temperature of the thickest thigh reads 165°F and juices run clear.
09 - Remove the chicken from the oven and let rest for 10 to 15 minutes before carving. Serve alongside the roasted vegetables and pan juices.