01 - Preheat oven to 350°F and line a 12-cup muffin tin with paper liners.
02 - In a large bowl, whisk together flour, sugar, baking soda, baking powder, salt, and pumpkin pie spice until well combined.
03 - In a separate bowl, whisk together oil, eggs, pumpkin purée, milk, and vanilla extract until smooth and fully incorporated.
04 - Pour the wet ingredients into the dry ingredients and mix until just combined. Be careful not to overmix as this can result in dense muffins.
05 - Beat the cream cheese and sugar in a medium bowl until smooth and creamy. Add egg yolk, heavy cream, cinnamon, cardamom, ginger, cloves, nutmeg, and vanilla; beat until fully combined and smooth.
06 - Divide the pumpkin batter among the muffin cups, filling each about 2/3 full.
07 - Drop approximately 1 tablespoon of chai cheesecake filling onto the center of each muffin. Use a toothpick to gently swirl the cheesecake layer into the batter, creating a marbled effect.
08 - Bake for 20-22 minutes, or until a toothpick inserted into the muffin portion (avoiding the cheesecake center) comes out clean.
09 - Allow muffins to cool in the pan for 10 minutes before transferring to a wire rack to cool completely.